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ernet Sauvignon, one of wine's most aristocratic grape varieties, is responsible for many of the world's greatest reds [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and is regularly the primary grape variety in a number of the most expensive and sought after wines.
Cabernet is famous for its distinctive aroma and flavour, no matter where it's grown and how it's produced. It's taste profile is recognisable whether yields are allowed to ride high, or vinification is short.
The grape is also well known not least for its tannic properties, but also the structure and body it gives to wines, as well as aromas of blackcurrants and cedarwood, and most famously cigar boxes in the red wines (Clarets) of Bordeaux in France.
Cabernet Sauvignon is a late ripening varietal that needs a warmish climate. It produces distinctive blue-ish grapes in the vineyard. It's also a small berried wine with a high pip to pulp ratio (a major factor in its tannin level).
So what makes it special? Many experts quote its unusually high concentration of phenolics as something that truly sets it apart - these are the chemical compounds that are primarily responsible for wine's colour pigment, tannins, and flavour compounds.
The grape produces anything from medium to very full bodied wines, and is a ready traveller, but it perhaps makes sense to consider it in the context of the aforementioned Bordeaux, a region many beleive to be the grape's spiritual home.
Bordeaux owes more to Cabernet Sauvignon than any other varietal (with the possible exception of its other key grape Merlot). The heartland of Cabernet Sauvignon in Bordeaux is in the Haut Medoc, where it is the principle grape in famous communes (or parishes) including St Julien, St Estephe, Margaux and Pauillac. In the last commune lie the famous Chateaux of Mouton Rothschild and Latour (amongst others) both of whom use Cabernet Sauvignon as the main grape in their red Grand Vins. Whether you agree with the prices of these estate's wines or not make no mistake, when you taste their wines you remember them. They are elegant, dry, intriguing and idiosyncratic.
Cabernet Sauvignon is not just grown in Bordeaux in France, it is in Bergerac and Buzet, and throughout the South West of the country. In recent years the wines from these lesser areas have seen a serious challenge from New World producers [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], who have adopted the grape and made it their own (more of this later).
Cabernet Sauvignon is also used to much success and fanfare in a number of the Super Tuscan wines of Italy. These are wines which often include non indiginous grapes, and thus originally fell outside the Italian quality wine regime (the DOC system). Sassicaia is a well known label based on the Cabernet Sauvignon grape with a lofty price tag.
In Spain [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], famously Cabernet Sauvignon was the principle grape variety in Gran Coronas Mas La Plana, a wine made by the well known Penedes based Torres family. This was the winning wine in the iconic Judgement of Paris wine tasting in 1970, where the Torres offering beat Chateau Latour in a blind wine tasting.
In the New World Cabernet Sauvignon is perhaps best known in California, where the Americans plant it in some the world's most expensive vineyards. Napa valley is the heart of Californian wine production, with famous names including Opus One, a joint collaboration between the Rothschild family and Robert Mondavi, one of the founding fathers of the Californian wine scene.
The grape is also well known in Australia, where producers such as Henschke coax amazing scents and flavours from the grape. Here the full fruit of the grape comes to the fore, with a multitude of minty, chocolatey examples. In the red soils of Coonawarra Cabernet Sauvignon is particularly well known. The Australian's, ever experimental, have shown how successful this grape is when blended with Shiraz (surprisingly perhaps producers in Provence in France also use this blend).
The grape is also grown in Chile, Argentina, South Africa, New Zealand and throughout the New World