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Between 1539 and 1542 Hernan de Soto landed in Florida and began an extensive exploration of the North American Gulf Coast, including the great Mississippi River. Although he died in the process, Spain could claim the entire southeast which would come to include Texas [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], New Mexico, and California.
A decade after Columbus’ final voyage, Vasco Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama and saw another great sea, the Pacific Ocean. This was the first inkling that the world was much larger than had been believed in terms of land mass. Six years later, Ferdinand Magellan rounded the tip of South America. Although he died in the Philippines, his crew completed the circumnavigation of the globe [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], successfully returning to Spain.
Conquistadors were driven by gold and glory. In the process, many native peoples died. Bartolome de Las Casas [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a former Conquistador who became a priest and advocated for the Native Americans, wrote that, “…for forty years the Spaniards have done nothing else than destroy them with new and diverse kinds of cruelty.” De Las Casas estimated that in forty years of Spanish conquest, “more than twelve million persons have perished unjustly.”
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Comparing Spanish and English American Colonies
Definition & Location
By 1504, Columbus had completed four voyages to the Americas and historians today still debate whether he eventually realized that he discovered new lands and not islands leading to Japan or China. By the mid-century, Spain claimed the southern regions of North America, all of Central America, and all of South America except Brazil, which was a Portuguese colonial possession by virtue of the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas. This feat, accomplished within a few decades, was largely due to the audacity and ambitions of the Conquistadors.
Early Spanish Successes in North America
The Spanish Conquest of the Aztec and Inca Civilizations
The same year that Balboa crossed Panama, Ponce de Leon landed in Florida. By then word had spread among indigenous peoples that the foreigners from across the ocean brought death and destruction. It was Easter and Ponce de Leon named the land “La Florida” for the abundance of flowers. He claimed all of the land north of Florida’s east coast for Spain.
Ponce de Leon returned to Florida in 1521 in order to further explore and to found a Catholic mission. Florida Native Americans, however, resisted, mortally wounding the explorer. A similar fate claimed the life of Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon in 1526, who led a colonizing party of 600 to Florida. In that effort, disease and lack of food killed most of the party.
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