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Section 7 of the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003 mandates pictorial warnings on all tobacco product packs.
Evidence shows that one of the most effective ways to warn the public about ill-effects of tobacco use is to put pictorial health warnings on all packages of tobacco products. ATLANTA –A new American Cancer Society report outlines 21 challenges and needs for global tobacco control, covering the wide range of issues to be addressed and expertise needed to reduce the rising tide of tobacco use worldwide, particularly in the low- and middle-income nations that are the target of the multinational tobacco industry.
The report is published early online and will appear in the January/February issue of CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. The report’s authors, led by Thomas Glynn, PhD,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], American Cancer Society director of Cancer Science and Trends,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], point out that the globalization of tobacco began with the European exploration of the New World more than 500 years ago.
But it is only in the past 50 years that public health has responded to the death,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], disease, and economic disruption caused by tobacco use. Tobacco now has at least 1.3 billion users and kills more than 14,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],500 people every day, while debilitating and sickening many times that number. The report lists activities, policies, and interventions that must be increased or in some cases decreased in order to be successful in reducing the rising tide of tobacco use.
Like a tightly coiled spiral staircase, individual chromophores are added one at a time until a rod hundreds of nanometers long is created. Each chromophore is two to three nanometers away from their nearest neighbor, an important distance. Even one atom closer to each other, and an electric current would be halted. Any further and harvesting the electrons would be difficult. “It’s very difficult to recreate photosynthesis,” said Angela Belcher, a researcher at MIT who uses viruses to build batteries and other structures.
“The precision of each structure is very important, and it’s very hard to pick up one molecule and put it where you want it to be.” The beauty of the Nano Letters paper, says Belcher, is that it exploits an already efficient system, honed by millions of years of evolution,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], to produce structures for humans. Using live organisms to create synthetic solar cells has several advantages over traditionally made solar panels.
No environmentally toxic chemicals are required to make biologically derived solar cells, unlike traditional solar cells. Growing solar cells in tobacco plants could put farmers back to work harvesting an annual crop of solar cells. Bio-based solar cells wouldn’t last as long as the average silicon solar cell, but they could act as a cheap, transportable, and temporary biodegradable power source. A solution of them could even be sprayed over plastic or glass to harvest energy.
Plants are already very efficient at turning the sunlight into sugar and other forms of chemical energy. The UCB scientists could eventually use the electrons to generate chemical energy like plants, but instead of creating sugar, they would create hydrocarbons that could power cars or aircraft. A photochemical cell is one use for the new technology. A photovoltaic cell,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], that converts sunlight into electricity, is another possibility.