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Some anarchist theories, specifically those of Proudhon, while sounding as if verging on Marxist, are not based in communism, but are rather considered to be a form of “mutualism.” Proudhon was actually opposed to Communism, believing that there was still too much order involved; too much authoritarian control taking away the freedom of the individual. Still [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the basic Socialist aspects remain: working individually, trading goods and services for other goods and other services based off whatever value is considered fair and whatever the cur
“Government, as it was forced upon mankind by their vices, so has it commonly been the creature of their ignorance and mistake.
The most common misconceptions people often have toward anarchists is that of groups of rebellious kids breaking the law, wearing black, and having patches of the anarchy symbol safety pinned to their clothes (and sometimes carving them into their own body), and acting out against what they consider to be the evils of authority in general. Riots [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], demonstrations, school violence... all are (sometimes correctly) associated with anarchy. While much of this surely is done under the loosely defined guise of anarchy, these actions are certainly not what was originally defined by these intelligent, arguably misguided, thinkers.
The word “anarchy” has its origins in ancient Greek (like so many other words). It stems from the root word arcon (archon), meaning ruler, with the prefix (an) added to mean “against” or “without.” So, literally, anarcon (anarchon) means against/without rulers. It is a wonderfully descriptive etymology, and helpful for understanding the basic principles of anarchical belief, a system defined by limited (or nonexistent) government, self rule, and lack of private property.
Forms of Anarchy
In the nineteenth century Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, in his book “What is Property?” and famous essay “What is Government?” also railed against the intrinsic evils of government and private property (and was also the first to actually use the word “anarchy” in its modern sense). To thinkers such as these, the ownership of any property is, in essence [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], theft from the community, and the very existence of government itself is the root of many, if not all, of society's problems.
By concentrating the force of the community, it gives occasion to wild projects of calamity, to oppression, despotism, war and conquest.”
The First Modern Anarchists
Read on
Social Contract Theory and Liberal Democracy
Confucianism and Political Philosophy
Sons of Anarchy an Original FX TV Series
Truth and Stereotypes
While the principles behind the anarchist movement in some sense have their roots in the Stoic philosophies of ancient Greece, the tenants of modern anarchy perhaps first outlined by late 18th century sociologist William Goldwin (who did not himself profess to be an anarchist at the time, but only because the term was not yet used as functionally as it is today) in his “Enquiry concerning Political Justice,” wherein he states, as a basic principle:
Government was intended to suppress injustice, but it offers new occasions and temptations for the commission of it.
In fact, one of the basic anarchic beliefs is that the world would naturally become a much better place by adopting those theories of anarchy. By Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's reckoning, should government cease to exist, replaced instead by self-rule of each individual person, the basic laws of humanity and the intrinsic goodness of humankind would take over, and humanity would begin a steady ascension toward a utopia.
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