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The 1880s were a time of economic recession and a growing labour movement. New Zealand’s first Labour Day was celebrated in 1890,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but not before widespread strikes hit the country. At the Wellington Woollen Manufacturing Co. industrial action lasted from February to June of that year. It was New Zealand’s longest strike up to that time.
During World War II and having weathered the Great Depression, the Wellington woollen mill continued as a key component of the regional economy and the war effort. In 1941 the mill employed some 367 operatives according to government records, and it could once more rely on the guaranteed market of a wartime economy.
The site chosen for the woollen mill comprised 13 acres along the lower reaches of the Korokoro Stream purchased from local Maori. Construction included the damming of the stream further up the Korokoro Valley. Its waters would be utilised for scouring and dyeing in the manufacturing process as well as driving the steam engines that produced the plant’s electricity. The mill began producing woollen garments in August 1886.
When the Gear Meat Company established itself in the burgeoning settlement of Petone, it wasn’t long before other significant industries of the day followed suit. In 1883 the Wellington Woollen Manufacturing Co. Ltd was incorporated, and in November 1885 the first foundation stone was laid for an industrial plant that the New Zealand Times of the day reported as ‘likely to be one of the most imposing ever seen in Wellington.’
As the country came out of depression,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], wool production expanded and the company increased the quality and range of its products. Business prospered for the period through to the outbreak of World War I, and with it grew the Petone community. Mill workers by now came not only from the Hutt Valley floor and Wellington city, but also from the hills above the mill in the new suburb of Korokoro. For many of these employees,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the preferred way of commuting was to use a track that descended the steep hillside from aptly named Windy Point.
Wellington Woollen Manufacturing Co. quickly established itself as a major industrial employer in Petone and the region. Skilled migrants arrived from England, many under an assisted passage scheme the New Zealand government was offering to attract experienced industrial workers.
However like Petone’s other industrial icon the Gear Meat Company, Wellington Woollen Manufacturing Co. failed to foresee the changing times that peace would bring. In the post-war period the mill’s entrenched and now o
During the Great War, mill production was diverted to uniforms and blankets destined for the troops fighting in Europe. These were particularly tough times for staff on the factory floor, and to quote Korokoro historian Kate Malcolm, “Khaki was the colour of their long working days…” In 1916 the mill workers felt sufficiently aggrieved to take the unprecedented and illegal step of striking for better pay in wartime.
Establishing the Wellington Woollen Mill
Read on
The Origins of Labour Day in New Zealand
The Gear Meat Company of Petone, Beside Wellington Harbour
John O'Shea and Pacific Films: Early Wellington Movies
The Declining Years of Wellington Woollen Mill
The Petone mill was equipped with state-of-the art-machinery that from its earliest days employed over 200 ‘operatives’, as factory hands were known. But as the business grew on its production of blankets, flannels, tweeds,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], serges and a range of knitted goods, industrial unrest simmered as a response to the harsh conditions the mill workers were forced to endure.
Hard Economic Times and Industrial Unrest
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