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By the end of the 19th century just about all working men belonged to “friendly societies;” workers made a weekly contribution to a fund that helped them out if they became unemployed or injured;
This, he concluded accounted for epidemics of disease that swept through poor neighbourhoods. Often, large families were forced to live in a single room because the wages would stretch to nothing bigger.
Edward and Mary Cridge provide a good example of the social activism of the Victorian era. Devout evangelical Christians the couple travelled from England to Victoria, Britich Columbia in 1854. The rough and tumble world of the colony became even more unruly during gold rushes.
With few exceptions, hospitals were privately funded. Those who could insured themselves through friendly societies or through the doctors and hospitals. Those who didn’t have insurance had to rely on charity; and,
Social Reformers Persuaded Governments to Help
The able-bodied were put to hard labour such as stone breaking. “By the 1850s, the majority of those forced into the workhouse were not the work-shy, but the old, the infirm, the orphaned, unmarried mothers, and the physically or mentally ill.”
Social Programs Slow in Developing
During the 1858 Fraser River gold rush a lot of unsavoury characters passed through Victoria and the Cridges campaigned on behalf of the less fortunate people in the community. Their work with the underprivileged led them to get involved in opening Victoria’s first hospital and a home for orphans. Edward Cridge also pressured the government to improve the terrible conditions in prisons.
In 1842, Edwin Chadwick wrote a report on living conditions in Britain’s towns and cities. He found the “labouring classes” lived with a stench “produced by decomposing animal and vegetable substances, by damp and filth, and close and overcrowded dwellings [prevailing] amongst the population in every part of the kingdom.”
For the people who couldn’t survive on their meagre earnings there was the workhouse, often called the poorhouse in Canada. Conditions inside were intended to be unpleasant to discourage anyone from seeking a free bed and meal.
In a January 2009 publication,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], David Seymour writes about the system operated in Victorian England. In his Frontier Centre for Public Policy report, Seymour says Canada had many of the same institutions that the British put together.
Here’s a description from workhouses.org: “Men,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], women,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], children, the infirm, and the able-bodied were housed separately and given very basic and monotonous food such as watery porridge called gruel, or bread and cheese.” Everybody had to wear a rough uniform and could have a supervised bath once a week. Parents were only allowed to visit briefly with their children on Sunday afternoons.
Charitable giving was the means of funding most “social programs.” People donated up to 10 percent of their family income to charities – today,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the average is closer to one percent.
Seeing the poor living in such horrible conditions pricked the conscience of many Victorians and the social reform movement got underway. Slowly, governments were persuaded to take a more active role in helping the less fortunate.
Living Conditions of “Labouring Classes”
Despite the encouragement of the Cridg
Read on
The 'Criminal Class' in Victorian England
Change Women, Change the World
The Best Christmas Gifts for Women
Poorhouses Set up for the Destitute
He comments on a few of the features of what passed for social services a century and a half ago:
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