www.bewet.fora.pl
Wszystko o zwierzętach.
FAQ
Szukaj
Użytkownicy
Grupy
Galerie
Rejestracja
Profil
Zaloguj się, by sprawdzić wiadomości
Zaloguj
Forum www.bewet.fora.pl Strona Główna
->
Bewet pomaga
Napisz odpowiedź
Użytkownik
Temat
Treść wiadomości
Emotikony
Więcej Ikon
Kolor:
Domyślny
Ciemnoczerwony
Czerwony
Pomarańćzowy
Brązowy
Żółty
Zielony
Oliwkowy
Błękitny
Niebieski
Ciemnoniebieski
Purpurowy
Fioletowy
Biały
Czarny
Rozmiar:
Minimalny
Mały
Normalny
Duży
Ogromny
Zamknij Tagi
Opcje
HTML:
NIE
BBCode
:
TAK
Uśmieszki:
TAK
Wyłącz BBCode w tym poście
Wyłącz Uśmieszki w tym poście
Kod potwierdzający: *
Wszystkie czasy w strefie EET (Europa)
Skocz do:
Wybierz forum
Sklep
----------------
Informacje i opinie.
Promocje.
Konkursy.
Pomoc dla zwierząt
----------------
Zwierzaki w potrzebie
Bewet pomaga
Żywienie,higiena,zdrowie.
----------------
Żywienie, higiena, zdrowie.
Artykuły dla zwierząt.
----------------
Artykuły dla zwierząt.
Nasi ulubieńcy.
----------------
Nasi ulubieńcy.
Przegląd tematu
<table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" width="100%" class="forumline"> <tr> <th class="thCornerL" width="22%" height="26">Autor</th> <th class="thCornerR">Wiadomość</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="22%" align="left" valign="top" class="row1"><span class="name"><a name=""></a><b>kah6omi4ny</b></span></td> <td class="row1" height="28" valign="top"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="100%"><img src="http://picsrv.fora.pl/subSilver/images/icon_minipost.gif" width="12" height="9" alt="Post" title="Post" border="0" /><span class="postdetails">Wysłany: Czw 10:17, 25 Lis 2010<span class="gen"> </span> Temat postu: Puma Fluxion The Pashtuns An Ethnic G Puma Drift C</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span class="postbody">A crude analogy can be made to a western style of government. The <span style="font-style: italic">jirga</span> is t <br />There are three categories of Pashtuns, who account for roughly twelve percent of the Afghan population: <span style="font-style: italic">nang</span> Pashtuns, <span style="font-style: italic">qalang</span> Pashtuns Puma Fluxion, and <span style="font-style: italic">kuchi </span>Pashtuns. <br /><span style="font-style: italic">Nang</span> (honor) Pashtuns live in “low-production zones” in the mountainous regions, far out of reach of government. They are driven by honor and have honed a predatory nature by raiding and pillaging the sedentary Pashtun tribes for survival over centuries. <br />Types of Pashtuns <br />Today the Taliban almost entirely cull their support from the Pashtuns of Afghanistan and Pakistan who number 40 million in total. Twelve to fifteen million are in Afghanistan, while 28 million live in Pakistan. War and anarchy created 2.5 million refugees. Afghan President, Hamid Karzai is an ethnic Pashtun. <br /><span style="font-style: italic">Pashtunwali</span> means “acting like a Pashtun” and represents the core of Pashtun ideal behaviors: courage (<span style="font-style: italic">tora</span>), revenge (<span style="font-style: italic">badal</span>), hospitality (<span style="font-style: italic">melmastia</span>), generosity to a defeated enemy (nanawati), and obeying the voice of the tribal assembly (<span style="font-style: italic">jirga</span>). <span style="font-style: italic">Nang</span> (honor) simmers in the heart of every Pashtun. <br />To betray <span style="font-style: italic">Pashtunwali</span> could result in being censured by the tribe, and thus stripped of tribal protections in one of the most inhospitable regions on earth—a virtual death sentence. <br />Pashtunwali <br />Pashtun Origins <br />Read on <br />Is American Policy in Afghanistan Flawed? <br />Is the Taliban Going to Take Over Pakistan? <br />Understanding Who Are the Taliban <br />Lineage-Based Tribal System <br /><span style="font-style: italic">Qalang</span> (taxes or rent) Pashtuns live in the fertile valleys and agricultural belts who, under the influence and reach of government, pay taxes and levies. They are bound to the land they cultivate. The <span style="font-style: italic">nang</span> victimize them in raids, and corrupt government police and army units brutally coerce them. <br />Pashtun tribal governance can be divided into three branches of authority. The collective of tribal leaders is called the <span style="font-style: italic">jirga</span>. The mullahs are members of the religious institution called the <span style="font-style: italic">ulema shura</span>. The central government, or state representative is known as the <span style="font-style: italic">wali</span>, or district govenor. <br />In 1893 the British Foreign Secretary of India, Sir Henry Mortimer Durand cut their homeland, of over four hundred years, in two. <br />In all disputes tribal members side with their next closest male relative against relatives of distant relation. Locals will coalesce, joining sides against outsiders or foreigners. Cultural collective responsibility and reciprocity define their social order, with the goal of sustaining tribe and clan cohesion. <br /><span style="font-style: italic">Kuchi</span> (nomadic) Pashtuns roam the land, leading their herds from pasture to pasture as their ancestors had done for a millennium. They are purely nomadic herders, the smallest population of the three groups Puma Drift Cat, and are a marginalized Pashtun branch. <br />During the 16th and 17th centuries Pashtun tribes and clans migrated across the Hindu Kush Puma Lift, seeking safe haven from the Uzbeks, Tajiks, Turkomen, and Hazara who fought and populated the lands north of the Hindu Kush and into Transoxiana. Pashtun tribes streamed into southern Afghanistan and northwest Pakistan, where they settled and gained collective political and tribal strength over the next three hundred years. <br />The Pashtun system of governance is unique in that the tribes, clans, and subsections (extended families) are ranked by their descent, or lineage from a common male ancestor. In theory, adult Pashtun males share equal status and do not have to answer to another Pashtun male, or heed the rule of a tribal <span style="font-style: italic">khan</span>. <br />相关的主题文章： <br /> <br /> <br /> Puma First Round RP Women Halloween Costu Puma Cly <br /> <br /> Puma First Round RP The Great Earthquake i Puma Li <br /> <br /> Puma Ballerinas What is Panentheism A G Puma Ferra</span></td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="1" class="spaceRow"><img src="http://picsrv.fora.pl/subSilver/images/spacer.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" /></td> </tr> </table>
fora.pl
- załóż własne forum dyskusyjne za darmo
Powered by
phpBB
© 2001, 2005 phpBB Group
Regulamin
FAQ
Szukaj
Użytkownicy
Grupy
Galerie
Rejestracja
Zaloguj się, by sprawdzić wiadomości
Zaloguj