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“These are guidelines,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and that’s all they are. It doesn’t mean that this would carry the force of law. It would be up to individual countries to decide what degree of enforcement to put into this,” Quarles added. He also said that there is some question as to whether a ban would even be legal,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], since it would be a “Technical Barrier to Trade,” or TBT. The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade tries to ensure that regulations, standards, testing and certification procedures do not create unnecessary obstacles, according to the World Trade Organization.[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
In essence, there has to be a logical scientific reason for an action; otherwise existing trade treaties may be broken. With so many questions yet to be answered, the likelihood that farmers will feel the effects of a ban, should it be passed,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], is small for now, but it is one more obstacle to consider as they prepare to harvest the 2010 crop. When Commodore Matthew Perry of the United States Navy sailed into Uraga harbor, near present-day Tokyo,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], in 1853, he was determined to force Japan to open its ports and begin trading with the U.S., whether it wanted to or not.
Fearful of foreign influences but more fearful of American firepower, the Tokugawa Shogunate reluctantly signed a treaty in 1854, and Japan resumed its love-hate affair with the West. But there was one gift from the West that Japan had already happily embraced. Japan adored tobacco. Japan loved to smoke. And when Japan takes to something, whether it is cars, cameras, or tobacco, it makes it wholly its own. Tobacciana Japanese style is varied, interesting, and collectible. Some of the most captivating objects are tonkotsu, the portable smoking sets that were indispensable to the Japanese for several hundred years. The country had not always been closed to the West.
From 1543, the Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch had all established trading relations. It was a time of political upheaval and civil war, with various samurai clans seeking to centralize power. Yet during this period, foreigners were allowed to travel in the country, and as early as 1549, the Jesuit Francis Xavier was even allowed to proselytize. Tonkotsu became a thing of the past. The only place where they are now seen in active use is the kabuki theater. They are included as part of the actors’ costumes and are invaluable for “stage business”�Dthere are often scenes of conferring and smoking.
For tobacciana buffs, tonkotsu of the folk and the fine variety survive. At a recent Pier show in New York City, the tonkotsu on offer ranged in price from $400 for a nicely carved tree root to $5500 for one made of ivory. They were not necessarily being sold by dealers specializing in Japanese antiques. The tonkotsu pictured in this article were found in antiques/flea markets in locations as diverse as New York City,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],cheap newport 100s cigarettes wholesale, Brimfield, and Tokyo.[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Their prices ranged from a modest $60 (the straw tonkotsu) to $350 (the double Daruma). A recent visit to the Trocadero Web site turned up eight tonkotsu on offer, with prices from $110 to $3975. Many tonkotsu doubtless came to the United States with American GIs. The U.S. occupied Japan for seven years, and tobacco items are typical “mantiques.” These little objects made great souvenirs: small, portable,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and durable. They may have lost their utility but not their charm and humor. And for fans of Daruma,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], there’s that luck thing�Dwho couldn’t use a bit of that?