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China is one of the Four Ancient Civilizations (alongside Babylon, India and Egypt) [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], according to Chinese scholar Liang Qichao (1900). It boasts a vast geographic expanse [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 3 [link widoczny dla zalogowanych],600 years of written history, as well as a rich and profound culture. Many aspects of Chinese culture can be traced back many centuries ago. Chinese culture is so diverse and unique [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], yet harmoniously blended, and presents itself an invaluable asset to the world.
The guide contains articles divided into "national traditons & the heritage of China" and " the arts in China". Topics include: Chinese food, China World heritage sites, China's festival [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], China's Kung Fu and Beijing opera.
The colorfully decorated [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], almost gauze-like Chinese paper umbrella is as quintessentially Chinese as chop sticks. The collapsible Chinese paper umbrella is believed to have existed in China since before the beginning of the Christian era [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], though the first historical reference to the Chinese paper umbrella stems from the 21 CE mention of a paper umbrella made for the 4-wheeled "chariot" of Emperor Wang Mang (Wang Mang was a royal official who usurped the throne for a short period – generally referred to as the Wang Mang interregnum – creating the short-lived Xin (CE 9-24) Dynasty).
According to written references by a high-ranking military officer [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Fu Qian, who served during the Three Kingdoms (CE 220-280) Period [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the paper umbrella of Emperor Wang Mang had articulated joints which allowed the umbrella to be extended and retracted [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], though the description does not lead one to assume that the umbrella was collapsible in the sense that we know it. However, there is every reason to believe that the "technology" for a collapsible umbrella existed during the lifetime of Wang Mang, for a collapsible umbrella has since been excavated from the burial site of Wang Mang's son [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Wang Guang [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], in what is present-day Korea [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and archeological finds carbon dated to the 6th century BCE suggest the existence of special [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], articulated joints made of brass with a locking device that could be used in a host of applications [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], including in the construction of a collapsible umbrella.