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Vygotsky has been criticized for defining developmental stages only in very general forms, so that his predictions are very difficult to “test [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], verify, disprove . . . there is a lack of precision and inattention to details.” Vygotsky’s work is often general enough to be unfalsifiable.
How Internal Procedures Become Independent
Vygotsky’s work is most famously applied to scaffolding, which is “guidance or structure provided by more competent individuals that enables children to perform tasks within their zone of proximal development.” In Faye McClaine’s classroom (in the “Learning Classroom” series), through her use of materials such as the children’s related personal experience, picture stories illustrating the concepts, and concrete representations of the concept, she creates a rich environment, scaffolding for the less competent students while stimulating the more competent students.
Practical Applications of Vygotsky’s Work
Students in Ken Gillam’s class (from the “Learning Classroom” series) first work in groups with ramps, cars, and stopwatches; after they dialogue to create the results, they then can visualize this process independently when confronted with a physics computation on paper.
Sociocultural Perspective on Development
Vygotsky’s work can also be applied to the social construction of meaning, or mediated learning experience, in which adults help children to make sense of information through discussion. In Avram Barlow’s class (in the “Learning Classroom” series), his explanations of post-emancipation Jim Crow laws helped his students to understand the historical milieu, and the rationale behind oppressive policies beyond racism.
For example, in a Spanish classroom in New York [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], native speakers of Spanish whose accent is from the Dominican Republic may come into conflict with Castilian Spanish a teacher learns from university study. It is then the teacher’s task to explain the value of learning Castilian Spanish while maintaining tolerance of multiple accents. In doing so, she is promoting the cognitive development of her early adolescents by helping them to understand multiple viewpoints.
Vygotsky’s wor
Lev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist and a pioneer in the field of social and cognitive development. This article reviews his theory of how children learn.
Vygotsky’s Theory of Child Development
Another area of Vygotsky’s work details how a student’s self talk serves to direct and guide their progress through difficult and unfamiliar materials [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], as adults have previously guided them. Michelene Chi has demonstrated that the quality of students’ self talk is a predictor of their success in a new field of study.
Read on
ESL Vocabulary and Terminology Defined
Developmentally Appropriate Preschool Education
The Importance of Child-Centered Learning
Contemporary Criticism of Piaget
Role of Self Talk in Guiding Learning
For Lev Vygotsky, the role of language and culture was central to his theory, focusing on the role of nurture. Behavior (partly directed by inherited traits) changes the child’s experiences and their perceptions of those experiences.
Vygotsky’s theories describe how complex internal mental procedures (such as physics computations) begin first as social processes, which become increasingly internalized with independence.
Vygotsky’s theory helped spur sociocultural perspective, which holds that culture and society are important for promoting cognitive development.
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