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Wysłany: Czw 10:40, 02 Gru 2010 Temat postu: Jordan 7 Untouchables (Dalits) in Hinduism and Cas |
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Dalits often live in slums without access to basic healthcare or nutrition and are sometimes subjected to various crimes, including violence,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], rape, human trafficking,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and theft. Untouchables frequently perform jobs, which pay a pitiful amount, under working conditions that are dangerous, unsanitary, and demeaning. Dalit jobs include manual scavenging, the removal of human waste from toilets without modern plumbing, as well as leatherwork, removal of animal carcasses, and butchering, all considered spiritually unclean.
Dalits Today in India
Caste System in India
The people born into the lowest strata of society, often into an existence of grinding poverty and limited opportunities, are known by various names, including "untouchables," "Dalits" (a political self-designation meaning “oppressed”), "Harijan" (the term Gandhi used), and "slumdogs" (from the 2008 movie Slumdog Millionaire). The government of India identifies untouchables with the designations scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (SC/ST).
Untouchables’ Long Struggle for Equality
The struggles of Dalits have been compared to racism in other eras in other parts of the world, including the apartheid system in South Africa and slavery and segregation of African Americans in the United States. Though the Indian caste system is not genetically derived, it is rooted in prejudice based on class conditions into which individuals are born.
Nevertheless, the enforcement of anti-discrimination laws has proven challenging as the social stigma against Dalits is difficult to eradicate. Prejudice against untouchables is still especially pronounced in rural areas.
The Indian caste system is organized into four main groups. There is also a fifth group that is considered to be outside of the caste system; the people in this class are literally outcasts. Hinduism, with a central belief in reincarnation, has scripture that explains how people are born into a certain caste based on the karma they acquired in their previous incarnations.
The caste system has been part of Hinduism and Indian society for over 1,500 years. Officially, caste discrimination, especially as it affects the lowest level of society, the untouchables or Dalits, is against the law. However, rooting out an ancient system of religiously sanctified discrimination and persecution, which is so entrenched in society, is proving to be extremely challenging.
Centuries of oppression, prejudice, discrimination, and shunning have made the Dalit struggle for basic rights extremely challenging. Indian society is still segregated, though the lot of Dalits, p
The caste system is generally associated with Hinduism, but this cultural phenomenon extends beyond this particular religion to the larger Indian society. The Hindu notes that “even Dalit Christians, Sikhs, and Muslims find that caste discrimination continues to exist after they have acquired different religious identities.”
Some forward strides have occurred, particularly in urban areas, and there has been come improvement to the lives of Dalits and the opportunities available to them. This is due largely to legal measures, affirmative action,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and activism. The Indian constitution and a plethora of laws prohibit discrimination based on caste. Nongovernmental organizations, such as the Dalit Freedom Network and Karuna, work to provide educational opportunities, job training, healthcare, and legal representation for untouchables.
Read on
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