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In increase, the bacterium Acetobacter suboxydans can be used in the product of ascorbic sour (vitamin C), by transforming D-sorbitol, a derivative of glucose, to L-sorbose. L-sorbose is then chemically transformed apt ascorbic sour.
Researchers at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences have also investigated the biotransformation properties of the fungus Nerospora crassa [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which can transform the steroid hydrocortisone into a pregnane and androstane derivative by removing the hydroxyl side necklaces from the molecule. This has commercial potential [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], as drugs in this kin are used to treat endometriosis and additional hormonal conditions, and can too deed as anti-inflammatory agencies.
Biotransformation in the Production of Antibiotics and Vitamin C
Such a hydroxylation tread would otherwise be arduous and priceless using artificial methods unattended. Further chemical synthesis steps are then used to convert 11-hydroxy progesterone into cortisone. The incorporation of biotransformation technology into this process has diluted the price of cortisone production in the U.S. by a ingredient of nigh 400.
Steroid hormones ( fig.1) are major medical drugs [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], for they aid in manifold metabolic features in the person body. Manufacturing these chemicals involves many steps and the costs comprised can be exorbitant. Recent use of micro fungi and bacteria to carry out some of these steps has proved to be extremely effective and cost efficient.
Popular biotransformations throughout history have included utilising yeast to convert glucose to ethanol and CO2, the use of lactic acid bacteria to make yoghurt and the employ of the fungus Aspergillus niger to make citric acid. More recent biotransformation technologies, whatsoever, have transform more sophisticated, involving such procedures as the production of pharmaceuticals and the evolution of methods to reduce environmental pollution.
Biotransformation technologies are no limited to the production of steroid derivatives. New, extra effective antibiotics, case in point, can be manufactured from existing ones using microbe-mediated transformations. Examples of this include penicillin and cephalosporins, which can be deacylated by microbes to produce semi-synthetic varieties of the original antibiotics.
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Examples include using the fungus Rhizopus arrhizus to convert progesterone to 11- hydroxy progesterone and finally to cortisone (fig.2), which is an antiarthritic drug. In this process, progesterone is added to a fermentation tank including the fungus, which hydroxylates the progesterone at the number 11 carbon atom in its steroid ring.
Biotransformation Technology in the Production of Steroid Hormones