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The Etruscans seized control of Rome peacefully, by negotiation and diplomacy with the city’s early leaders. Thus began an arrangement which can be crudely simplified into a give-and-take deal where both parties got what they wanted. The Etruscans wanted a bridge over the Tiber river at a critical point which Rome controlled, and the Romans sought to improve their living conditions to resemble those enjoyed by the Etruscans.
In any case, Rome definitely existed from the 700s forward. Until the 600s, it remained a primitive town - just a scattering of huts on the edge of a swamp, inhabited by people who lacked even a written alphabet. Then in 616, Rome fell under the rule of a relatively-advanced people called the Etruscans, and everything changed.
Roman Independence
class="dynamic">Foundation
Contrary to legend, Rome was not created suddenly by Romulus and Remus, but grew gradually. Clusters of graves and the foundations of circular huts found at the site date from the 900s and some sources assert it was inhabited as early as 1500.
Etruscan Rome
Read on
The History of the Etruscans
Etruscan Civilization
The Etruscan Empire
1. Scarre, Chris. The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Rome. New York: Penguin Books, 1995. Penguin Putnam inc., New York 10014.*
2. Encyclopedia Britannica Macropaedia,15th Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica, inc. Jaroh E. Safro, Chairman of the Board. Jorge Aguilar-Canz, President. Chicago: 2005.
The Etruscans tried to re-establish control over Rome by force. Supported by allied forces from another Etruscan city, Tarquin launched a counter-attack against the rebellious Romans. Livy claims Tarquin’s forces were repelled at the Tiber bridge, but in reality, the Etruscans may have retaken the city briefly, then failed to hold it.
The Romans cemented their independence in 506, at the battle of Aricia. Together with forces from nearby Latin cities,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Rome inflicted a major defeat on the Etruscans; this settled the matter. Tired of kings, the Romans then instituted a republic to guard their hard-won freedom.
*note: Much information in this source was verbatim repetition of Livy’s history.
Sources
In the 900s, more than one local hilltop supported its own village, each inhabited by a different ethnic group. Then, around the city’s mythical date of foundation in the 700s,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], two villages merged into one town between the Palatine and Quirinal hills. Where among the above dates the ‘true’ birth of Rome falls is debatable.
Rome got the better half of the deal. The Etruscans got a bridge, and the Romans got all the fixings of civilization and military power. Improvements gained by Rome during its single century under its foreign kings include: a written alphabet, roads, bridges,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], specialized public buildings, the draining of a swamp on the future site of the Forum, tiled roofs,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and a new socio-political-military system. Rome became a city.
[1] It should be noted that modern knowledge of this period is derived mostly from archaeology and the word of the Roman historian Livy, who lived much later. Livy often took poetic license with historical events in his writing, so his vers
By 510 Rome decided its Etruscan overlords had outlived their usefulness and worn out their welcome. The city rebelled. According to Livy, aristocrats under Lucius Jucinius Brutus expelled the Etruscan king, Tarquin the Proud, because the ruler’s son raped Brutus’ sister Lucretia, leading to her suicide. At least as likely, this may have been a pretext for a rebellion already being planned, or else just the final insult which spurred an already discontent populace into action.
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